Pulsed laser ablation induced synthesis of carbon nanotubes. Nanoparticles of various compounds such as fe, ti, sio 2 and al 2 o 3 can be produced by laser ablation because almost all materials even with high melting points can be evaporated by highintensity laser beams and subsequently condensed into particles. Raman spectroscopic study of different laser ablation time for c deposited onto 250 nm co thin film at 650 oc. Modification of carbon nanotubes by laser ablation. Thesis submitted to the graduate studies, universiti putra malaysia, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of master of science. Pdf synthesis methods of carbon nanotubes and related materials. Solutions of silver nanoparticles are obtained by laser ablation in order to analyze the effectivity of this method. Qualitative analysis of the gasdynamical phenomena by the laser ablation of graphite under conditions of singlewall carbon nanotubes swnts suggests to reconsider the currently assumed mechanisms of swnt formation in this technique and to conclude that it is a form of solidliquid solid catalytic graphitization of amorphous carbon or other imperfect carbon forms. Fabrication of nanomaterials by pulsed laser synthesis. Highyield synthesis of multiwalled carbon nanotube by. Although many methods have been documented for carbon nanotube cnt.
This contrasts with less than a millisecond decays of c2 and c3 observed in the plume. Singlewall carbon nanotubes synthesized by laser ablation in. Chemical methods 10,21,22, plasma synthesis 23 and laser ablation in air or liquids 17,24,25 can produce silicon nanoparticles with sizes in a broad range from nm to. Insitu diagnostics of carbon nanotube production by laser.
Initially, high ultraactive graphite powder can be obtained by mechanical milling under argon atmosphere. Many different parameters such as ablation temperature, laser wavelength, laser energy, pressure, type of the inert gas, etc. Preparation of silver nanoparticles by laser ablation in water. The experimental work performed last summer involved probing one of the metal catalysts, nickel, by laser induced fluorescence. The impact of sulfur on the synthesis process is discussed. Laser ablation synthesis in solution lasis is a commonly used method for obtaining colloidal solution of nanoparticles in a variety of solvents in the lasis method, nanoparticles are produced during the condensation of a plasma plume formed by the laser ablation of a bulk metal plate dipped in a. Laser ablation of thin carbon nanotube films on glass substrates as transparent field emitters stephen m. Future roadmap towards the exploration of cnt synthesis methods is also outlined.
Synthesis of single wall carbon nanotubes by laser. The arcdischarge method synthesizes nanotubes by using a fairly. Weiner2, gerardo morell1 1institute of functional nanomaterials, university of puerto rico, san juan, pr 00931 3334, usa, department of physics. Mechanism of carbon nanotube synthesis by laser ablation. This paper presents results on the selective ablation of individual singlewalled carbon nanotubes by use of intense picosecond laser pulses.
Laser ablation can also be defined as the ejection of target ma. The production of carbon nanotubes can be done by plasma based synthesis method or arc discharge evaporation method, laser ablation method, thermal synthesis process, chemical vapor deposition and. In addition, laser ablation is disadvantaged by high input energy kushnir et al. This site gives nanoscience and nanotechnology knowledges. In order to generate swnts, metal particles as catalysts must be added to the graphite targets similar to the arc. We found that np size increases from 3 nm to nm when zeta potential varies from. Pulse laser ablation pla method was observed to produce high quality and high purity single wall carbon nanotubes. The corresponding quantities of raman intensities for each spectrum are summarized in table 2. A watercooled surface may be included in the system to collect the nanotubes.
When applied to random submonolayer networks of tubes on solid supports, this procedure can produce collections of aligned tubes oriented. The sizes of cu, tio 2 and tin particles and their agglomerated structures were varied dependent on types of the particles and surface properties of mwnts. The synthesis, sorting and organization of carbon nanotubes are ma jor challenges. Important information is derived by mechanical, electrical and thermal measurements. The presented synthesis laser system was used forthe. High temperature preparation techniques for example laser ablation or arc discharge were first used to synthesize cnts, but currently, these.
Measuring physical and mechanical properties of individual. Although many methods have been documented for carbon nanotube cnt synthesis, still, we notice many arguments, criticisms, and appeals. Using the e 22 transition of carbon nanotubes for fiber laser modelocking j c travers et al 2011 laser physics letters 8 144. The synthesis product yield which represents the amount of carbon nanotubes expected in the converted carbon is 60% 2.
A novel combination of two laser systems of different wavelengths for the laser ablation synthesis is presented. In the laser ablation technique, a high power laser was used to vaporize carbon from a graphite target at high temperature. Laser printing of silicon nanoparticles with resonant optical. Synthesis of boron nitride nanotubes by means of excimer. Both mwnts and swnts can be produced with this technique. Manufacturing nanostructures 263 10 fabrication of nanomaterials by pulsed laser synthesis khaled habiba1, vladimir i. The laser ablation synthesis of carbon nanotubes is contrasted with the arc discharge method with respect to the synthesis product. A high power laser is rastered across a carbon target.
Modification of carbon nanotubes by laser ablation a. The synthesized carbon nanotubes cnts were investigated using the semstem microscopy and raman spectroscopy. Usually,twoseparatelasersworkingattwo different laser wavelengths, 532 and 1064nm 8 and a dichroic mirror were used. Thesis submitted to the graduate studies, universiti putra malaysia, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of. Synthesis of single wall carbon nanotubes by laser evaporation the identification of single wall carbon nanotubes swcnt can certainly be considered as one of the most significant stimulants for research in to nanostructures. Pdf the challenge on carbon nanotubes is still the subject of many research groups. Review article fabrication, modification, and emerging. Synthesis of carbon nanotube 1 laser ablation experimental devices graphite pellet containing the catalyst put in an inert gas filled quartz tube. Among these arc discharge, laser ablation, chemical vapor deposition cvd are. The laser ablation method is amenable to applying the techniques of laser spectroscopy, a powehl tool for probing the energies and dynamics of atomic and molecular species.
Advanced laser ablation methods can generate size and shapecontrolled nanoparticles by post processing, but that, at the same time, significantly reduces the production yield. Silva advanced technology institute, university of surrey guildford, surrey, uk s. Synthesis of carbon nanotubes fb physik, fu berlin. The products of laser ablation of graphite in a nitrogen atmosphere have been studied by transmission electron microscopy and electron energyloss spectroscopy. An ultrasonication treatment of asgrown mwnts was very effective to attach the agglomerated. Using nickel and cobalt as catalyst, singlewall carbon nanotubes can be produced with a yield similar to that obtained in an inert gas. Gram scale synthesis of pure ceramic nanoparticles by laser. Electronic properties of single walled carbon nanotubes. Nanotubes develop on the cooler surfaces of the reactor as the vaporized carbon condenses. This has a direct technological goal with the simulation of the cooling device in laser ablation setups as a collector of carbon nanotubes. Nucleation and growth of singlewalled carbon nanotubes in. A pulsed laser is fired at a graphite target in an inert environment, at high temperature and pressure. In the plasma plume that is generated by the laser, provided that appropriate conditions exist, swnts form and are collected downstream from the plasma plume on a cold finger.
Laser ablation in a background gas has been widely used to prepare nanoparticles. The possible role of nickel in the kinetics of carbon nanotube formation will be discussed. Synthesis of carbon nanotubes by chemical vapor deposition. Assigning of the carbon nanotube type was done by a combination of highresolution transmission electron microscopy hrtem, raman spectroscopy, and density functional theory dft calculations.
In laser ablation, a pulsed laser vaporizes a graphite target in a hightemperature reactor while an inert gas is bled into the chamber. Diagnostics of carbon nanotube formation in a laser. Among the various approaches to produce cnts, including laser ablation 3 and arc. Measurement of metalcarbon nanotube contact resistance by. Although many methods have been documented for carbon nanotube cnt synthesis, still, we notice many arguments, criticisms, and appeals for its optimization and process control. Jun 21, 2012 the laser vaporization or laser ablation method was developed in 1995. Multiwall carbon nanotubes mwnts were modified by laser ablation of cu, ti and tin in the presence of he, o 2 and n 2 buffer gases. Review article fabrication, modification, and emerging applications of tio 2 nanotube arrays by electrochemical synthesis. Using laser ablation to sequentially shorten the contact length between a nanotube and the evaporated metallic. The ovenlaser ablation method that we used in this study is similar to that used for the synthesis of singlewalled cnts.
In this experiment, the laser operated at a wavelength of 355 or 1064nm. Synthesis of carbon nanotubes by pulsed laser ablation at. Intense laser pulses ablate a carbon target which is placed in a tubefurnace see fig. Carbon nanotubes cnts are tubes made of carbon with diameters typically measured in. Catalytic growth of singlewalled nanotubes by laser vaporization pdf. The metal nanosol was prepared by laser ablation of metal target in ethanol and used as catalyst. Carbon nanotube synthesis and organization weizmann institute. Laser assisted chemical vapor deposition synthesis of carbon nanotubes and their characterization s. The thinnest freestanding singlewalled carbon nanotube is about 0. Optimization of cooling devices used in laser ablation setups. Size control of gold nanoparticles synthesized by laser. The specimen holder requires the translation of the nanotube via either mechanical movement by a micrometer or axial directional piezo. The high power of the laser beam induces large light absorption on the surface of target, which makes temperature of the absorbing material increase rapidly.
This article also presents recent work in the controlled synthesis of carbon nanotubes with ordered architectures. Mar 08, 2016 nanoparticles generation by nanosecond laser ablation in deionised water. Diagnostics of carbon nanotube formation in a laser produced. Nearinfrared saturable absorption of singlewall carbon. Linearly polarized pulses ablate only those tubes that are oriented substantially along the polarization direction. Synthesis of carbon nanotubes by chemical vapor deposition cvd. With our technique it is possible to synthesizer nanotube through laser ablation pulsed mode without furnace under argon atmosphere at pressure lower than reported by other authors. Techniques have been developed to produce carbon nanotubes in sizable quantities, including arc discharge, laser ablation. Nowadays, mwnts and swnts are produced mainly by three techniques. Pdf can we optimize arc discharge and laser ablation for.
Can we optimize arc discharge and laser ablation for well. Carbon nanotubes are promising to revolutionize several fields in material science and are. Pilotscale synthesis of metal nanoparticles by highspeed. School of mechanical engineering, georgia institute of technology, atlanta, ga 303320405, united states.
Using particulate catalysts, large quantities of nanotubes can be synthesized by these. We investigate the influence of salt, acidic, and basic solutions citrate, naoh, and hcl on the size of gold nanoparticles aunps synthesized by laser ablation in aqueous media. Nanoparticles generation by nanosecond laser ablation in. Industrial grade cnt production is urgent such that invention of novel methods and engineering principles for largescale synthesis are needed. Briefly, there are two essential parts in the laser ablation device, a pulsed laser co 2 laser, ndyag laser, arf excimer laser, or xecl excimer laser and an ablation chamber. The synthesized nanotube samples are characterized by means of raman, electronic, and optical spectroscopies.
Recent lif data of nickel indicate longer decay of the order of few milliseconds of nickel atomic vapor. Laser ablation synthesis in solution lasis is a commonly used method for obtaining colloidal solution of nanoparticles in a variety of solvents in the lasis method, nanoparticles are produced during the condensation of a plasma plume formed by the laser ablation of a bulk metal plate dipped in a liquid solution. Many different production methods for carbon nanotubes cnts have been introduced. Laser ablation of thin carbon nanotube films on glass. Eaqub ali1, mohammed moinul islam2 and sharifah bee abd hamid1 abstract although many methods have been documented for carbon nanotube cnt synthesis, still, we notice many.
Besides high laser fluence and low height of the applied liquid layer, specific pulse overlap and defined laser repetition rate are required for significant enhancement in. This study reports on the mechanothermal synthesis of multiwalled carbon nanotube mwcnts from elemental graphite powder. Aligned arrays of singlewalled carbon nanotubes generated. Carbon nanotubes cnts are one of the most fascinating and enchant. Oct 17, 2017 the performance and thermal resistance of cooling devices in a laser ablation setup for carbon nanotube cnt synthesis are investigated using heat transfer equations and for three cooling designs. The size of cennps varies from tens to hundreds of nanometers, and cennps show two kinds of typical morphologies i. Kokai department of chemistry for materials, faculty of engineering, mie university 1515 kamihamacho, tsu, mie 5148507, japan introduction carbon nanotube cntmetal composites are attractive for applications such as nanowiring and battery electrodes. In 1995, smalley and coworkers produced carbon nanotubes using laser ablation technique 1. Measurement of metalcarbon nanotube contact resistance. Can we optimize arc discharge and laser ablation for wellcontrolled carbon nanotube synthesis. Laser assisted chemical vapor deposition synthesis of carbon. Scaleup criteria of laser ablation in the liquid phase with nanosecond pulses is studied for efficient generation of pure ceramic nanoparticles in an aqueous environment. Synthesis of carbon nanotubes by the laser ablation method. The acceleration of carbon diffusion in liquefied catalyst particles at one hand, and the competitive reduction of the free energy difference between the initial and the final carbon phases with temperature at the other hand can qualitatively explain the temperature dependencies of the swnt yield and the observed swnt growth rates.
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